![]() The exact influence of ULTRA is debated, but a typical assessment is that the end of the European war was hastened by two years because of the decryption of German ciphers.Īlthough the Enigma cipher has cryptographic weaknesses, in practice it was only in combination with other significant factors (mistakes by operators, procedural flaws, an occasional captured machine or codebook) that Allied codebreakers were able to decipher messages. The intelligence gained through this source, codenamed ULTRA, was a significant aid to the Allied war effort. In mid-1939 reconstruction and decryption methods were delivered from Poland to Britain and France. Decryption was made possible in 1932 by Polish cryptographers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski from Cipher Bureau. The machine has gained notoriety because Allied cryptologists were able to decrypt a large number of messages that had been enciphered on the machine. ![]() The German military model, the Wehrmacht Enigma, is the version most commonly discussed. The Enigma was used commercially from the early 1920s on, and was also adopted by the military and governmental services of a number of nations-most famously by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. More precisely, Enigma was a family of related electro-mechanical rotor machines, comprising a variety of different models. The Enigma machine was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages.
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